Electric incandescing lamp.



PATBNTBD MAY 24,1904.

....vw I f r algal/fdl F. M. I'. CAZIN. ELECTRIC INGArNDESGIsNG LAMP.

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UNITED STATES] vlfatntedMay 24, 1904. Y

y*PATENT OFFICE. v

` FRANCIS M. FICAZIN, HOBOHKEN, NEW JERSEY.V

j-fELEoTRlo INCNDES'CING LAMP. r

' ASPE'crrnm'rronruiming part of Letters Patnc No. 760,849, dated May 24,1904. 'Application ined september 1,1903. serial N5. 171,515. (No moan.) 4

' TQaZZ whom it may concern:

. y yBe it known'thatI, FRANCIS M`.'F. CAZIN, re-

y sidingat HObkem-in'the'county of Hudson and State of" New Jersey, have invented certain newa'nd useful Improvements in Electric Incandescing Lamps, of which the following is a specication. Y

My present invention relates to the class of electric incandescing lamps including a luminant embodying a non-electric and heat-conducting member carrying a primary and secondary conductor, the primary conductorI being normally conductive, while the secondary conductoris normally non-conductive, or, in other Words, the secondary conductor is conductiveonly at an elevated temperature. Y

Ak further object of: myfpresent invention is to provide a luminant of this character` which is an improvement on the'luminant disclosed -in my copending application, 1filed1()c,1

tober 2, 1899, Serial No.732,399, which cludes la secondary and primary conductor and which is automatically .self-regulating to vcut out or-short-circuit the primary conduce,

torlwhen the secondary conductor has become conductive.

Again, my invention seeksto provideva lummant In which the primary conductor serves as a heater for thesecondary conductor and i'ly and easily conduct the-heat generated `by the primary conductor tothe `secondary con- 'ductor'to assist in maintaining it at its elec-` tric-conducting temperature. v

- With other objects in View, which will be parts, all ofv which Willbe firstdescribed in detail and then specifically pointed out in the vappended claims, reference being had to the l accompanying. drawings, in which.-.

EFigure 1 is aside elevation, on an enlarged scale, of a luminant constructed inaccordance with my invention. `Fig.=2 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 2 2 ofl Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a similar View onv Athe line?) 3 of Fig.

' 1^. Fig. 4 is :a top plan view ofthe parts -shownin Fig.f1.` Fig.' 5 is a cross-section taken practically on the line.5 5 of. Fig., 1.y

` modified form of my invention.

Fig. e is a detail Side elevations@ aslighny;

top plan view thereof.

bulbas'applied .for use.

Referring now more particularly'to the accompanying drawings, in which likenumerals 2 designates the n'on-currentconducting ,but heat conducting and distributing support,

which maybe-either tubular, as shown in 'Figsf-lto 5, inclusive, or it may be solid, as

shown iny Fig. 6, yand the said support may be yconstructed of" any material which Apossesses the proper strength which has a fusionf-poi'nt suliiciently high to prevent the support be- `coming soft under the heat produced; in the slamp, which while servingasf,n 'electrical "and chemical insulator-.Laf-, one which will serve as' a A, non-conductor `of@,electricity and `Whichuwill be chemically neutral or non-acltive with respect to the material used in the primaryjand secondary conductorsfwill also serve to readily conduct the heat toA theVv dif- ,fferent points of the luminant. i I support'as well as toemit-light and also to -1 provide a supporting member which will read- 4,., The support 2 is mounted on orfilnA theloase 1, for instance, as shown in the drawings', by la glass seal- 1, which will becomefanintegral part-lof thefb'ase 1 and which willreadilyserve as an insulator between the leading-infwires 5 and'thesup'port. When the-supporting-body 2 is hollow, 1I provideair-outlets 2a 2a`to-.per-

Fig. 7 is a l Fig. 8 isadetailside .lelevation of my invention inclosedwit-hina mit of the withdrawal of the airA therefrom when the luminant is in position in the lamploulb and during the process of exhaustion;

' The support 2preferably has a pair oi spirally-arranged grooves 21? 2b running the entire-'length thereof, whichvary in their pitch according to the vlength of the primary conductor ,3 itis desired to use, and these grooves 2b 2bare connected at the top of the support by a transverse groove 2", so that the two groovesform in reality but asingle continuous groove running around the luminant from bottom to top and then from top to bottom, as shown. .In these grooves 2'? 2*2c I wind a lOO primary conductor 3, which may be constructed of any approved material so long as the material used performs the desired functions of light and heat producing current conduction and which gives adequate resistance to the said current to produce the heat.

In the supplemental groove 2d, which is of a less depth than the grooves 2b 2b, I place the secondary conductor 4, which is electrically connected at its ends, as at la 1in, through the terminals T to the leading-in wires 5 5 for a purpose presently explained, and the said secondary conductor is constructed of any material which may be of greater electrical resistance at normal temperature than the primary conductor, but which at a higher temperature will become more readily conductive than the primary conductor, whereby the secondary conductor will then serve to conduct the electric current and to maintain its required temperature and automatically cut out the primary conductor. Furthermore, the secondary conductor i is preferably constructed of such material as will emanate a great amount of light when under current and when heated to its required temperature.

While from practical experience I have found it unnecessary', yet, if desired, I may electrically insulate the primary and secondary conductors from each other and maintain electric connection or contactbetween them at the. ends of the secondary conductor only, and when necessary I may interpose a chemicallyneutral element or material between the secondary and primary conductors at the points of contact in any approved manner to act as a chemical insulator by preventinga chemical reaction taking place between the primary and secondary conductors at their points of contact.

The shape of the various parts is of but minor importance, the important features of the invention being inthe combination, the relative position, and mainly the functions of the specifically-located parts.

The terminals T between the primary and secondary conductors and the leading-in wires may be made of any suitable material which will perform the following functions, to wit: the passive function of being supported inside of the parts which protect the luminant, the active function of protecting the juncture between the leading-in wires, which are of comparatively low electrical resistance and the primary conductor of comparatively high electrical resistance, the active function of not alone passing the electric current through the leading-in wires and the light and heat producing primary conductor, but also of obviating local detrimentary resistance and consequent heat accumulation, and the active function of preventing mutual chemical reaction under electric current between the leading-in wires and the primary and secondary conductors or any other part of the luminant and of dismissing, by means of porosity, the gaseous product of unavoidable chemical reaction lor admission of air or gas in preventing detrimentary reaction.

In Figs. 6 and 7 I have shown a slightlymodified form of my invention in which I use a plurality of secondary grooves 2d to receive a plurality of secondary conductors, which are preferably joined in multiple, as at 4c, and which are electrically connected to the leading-in wires 5 5, and the said multiple secondary conductors perform the same functions as those shown in Fig. l. I desire it understood that I may vary the number of secondary conductors as occasion may demand and experience prove desirable, and I do not desire to limit myself to the exact details of construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, as slight changes in the detail arrangement and construction of parts may be made without departing from the scope of my invention.

While I may construct the primary conductors of metal or of carbon or of suitable alloy or combination of metals or other suitable substance, yet I desire it specially understood that I may employ any substances whatsoever which will fulfil the desired and necessary functional requirements, such as mechanical strength and current resistance, and which will emanate heat under adequate current, &c.

Again, while I may use the oxids of the rare'l metals or of the rare metals in combination with other substances, yet I may use any sub,l stances whatsoever which will perform the de fsired function of being normally non-conducting and which will conduct at high temperatures, which will at such high temperatures be of less electrical resistance than the primary conductor, and which when heated will incandesce to produce light. Furthermore, whileI prefer to use a porcelain or kaolin support on the glass or other base, yet I may use any substance which will serve the intended purposes of the support-namely, such substances as are chemically neutral, electrically non-conducting, and such as are conductors of heat. When a support which is not chemically neutral or electrically non-conductive isl used as a support, I may provide any suitable chemical or electric insulation, or both, between the said support and the remaining parts.

So far as described the operation of my invention may be best explained as follows: The current is turned onto the leading-in wires. It then transverses the primary conductor, causing it to become heated and in turn heat the supporting element and the adjacent parts of the secondary conductor, the remaining portions of the secondary conductor becoming heated from the heat conducted by the support to such portions. As soon as the secondary conductor has become sufficiently heated to become electrically conducting-*5. e. its re- IOO IIO

come

electric current 'used` inthe luminant, which then serves to further heatthe secondary conductor (now primary) .until it 'becomes incandescent. to emanate light,

^ ent, is-

From ffregoing ,descriptions taken in connection yWith the accompanying drawings,

it is thought the` advantagesand complete operation of my invention -will be readily apparent to .those skilled in the artto Which-it appertains. l l

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and. desire to secure by Letters Patl. In a luminant forelectric incandescing lamps, a heat-conducting upporiha heat-producing primary yelectric 'conductor carried thereby, a normally nonconducting secondary conductor. mounted dn .said support -,and in electrical contactwith said primary. conductor, as specified. f L

2. In a luminant for electricincandescing lamps, a heat-conducting .supportiy a heat-producing primary electric conductorgcarried thereby, a normal-ly non-conductingsecondrary conductor mounted "on said support and inV electrical contact with said. primaryconductor, said secondary conductoradapted to ,conduct electricity at ,an lelevated temperature, as specified.A

., i 3. In a luminant for electric incandescing lamps, 4a heat-conducting support, a heat-producing primary electric conductor carried thereby, a normally non-conducting secondary conduotor mounted on said support and in electrical contact with said primary conductor, said secondary conductor adapted to conduct electricity and short-circuit the primary conductor when heated to an elevatedtemperature.

4. In a luminant for electric incandescing lamps, a heat-conducting support, a heat-proe ducing primary conductor Wound thereon, a

normally non-conducting element mounted on said support and adapted to receive heat from the primary conductor and the support, for the purposes specified.

5. In a luminant for electric incandescing lamps, a heat-conducting support, a heat-producing primary conductor Wound thereon, a

, normally non-conducting element mounted on said support and adapted to receive heat from the primary conductor and the support, so as to become conductive to cut out the primary conductor and to become incandescent. v

6. In a luminant for electric incandescent lamps, adielectric supporting heat-conducting part having spiral grooves, a heat-producing primary conductor Wound in said grooves, a light-producing member mounted over said primary conductor on the supporting part,

said light-producing part adapted to receive vature to cut.

heat from the support and to become incandescent and conductive at an elevated temperspecified-i 7. Ina luminant for electric incandescing lamps, a dielectric supporting and heat -con` ducting part having spiral grooves and longitudinal gr ooves a primary heat-producing current resisting .conductor Wound.;inz.`-saidi spiral grooves of said support .and adapted, -under current, to heat said support, a. lightproducing normally non-conducting member yheld in said longitudinal grooves With its ends in electric Contact with the primary conductor andadapted to become heated and made conductive .bythe heat produced in the luminant and to short-circuit the primary conductor at .predetermined times, and adapted to emanate. flight, for. the purposes specified.

8. In a'luminant for' electric incandescing lamps, adielectric heat-conducting support,

yaheat-producing primary conductor Wound thereon, a light-producing normally non-conducting filament carried .by said support, said heat-producing conductor adapted to heat saidv support, and said support and conductor adapted to .heat said light-producing filament whereby it. becomes conductive, for the pur- .poses specified.

the heat-producing conductor, for the purposes specified.

10. In a luminant for electric incandescing lamps, a dielectric `heatconducting support, a heating-coilwound thereon, a light-producing filament or threadalso mounted on said support, said filament being of greater elec- 'tricalresistance at normal temperature than the heating-coil, and of less electrical resistance at high temperature than said coil to perout the primary conductor, as i IOO mit said lfilament-to become conductive and incandescent at an elevated temperature and automatically cut out said heating-coil.

l1. In a luminant for electric incandesoing lamps, a dielectric heat-conducting support, a heating-coil Wound thereon, a light-producing filament or thread of rare metal oxids also mounted on said support, said filament being of greater electrical resistance atvnormal temperature than the heating-coil and of less electrical resistance at high temperature than the said heating-coil to permit said filament becoming conductive and incandescent at said elevated temperature and automatically short-circuit said heating-coil, as specified.

12. In a luminant for electric incandescing lamps, a dielectric heat-conducting supporting heating-coil, will become of less electrical resistance thansaid heating-coil toy permit the current vbeing shunted through said filament to raise it toincandescence, for the purposes specified.

13. In a luminant part .of electric incandescing lamps, a dielectric heating and conducting support, a heating-coil Wound on said support,`adapted to heat said support when under current, light-producing laments mounted on said support having their ends in electrical contact with said heating-coil, said light-producing lilament being ot' higher electrical resistance at normal temperature than the heating-coil, and of less electrical resistance at an elevated temperature than the heating-coil whereby said light-producing filament will pass the current when at a-n elevated temperature to raise the filament to incandescence, said heating-coil havingportions exposed, for the purposes specified. i

14. In a luminant part of electric incandescing lamps, a dielectric heat-conducting support, a heating-coil Wound on said support, adapted to heat said support when under current, light-producing filaments mounted on said support having their ends in electrical contact with said heating-coil, said light-producing element being of higher electrical resistance at normal temperature than the heatlng-coil, and of less electrlcal resistance at an elevated temperature than the heating-coill 4o ya heat-producing primary conductor carried thereby, a normally non-conducting second conductor also carried by said support in electrical contact With said primary conductor, leading-in Wires for said primary and sccondary conductors, and terminals carried by said support for connecting said primary and secondary conductors to said leading-in Wires,

said terminals being of sufficient conductivity to prevent heat accumulation at the juncture of the Said primary and secondary conductors and the leading-in wires.

FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN. Witnesses:

MINNA E. OAZIN, HENRv F. ERXMEYER. 

